PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.